The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.